|
|
Nákladově-produkční vztahy v zemědělském podniku
Ležovičová, Lucia
The thesis is focused on analysis of economical factors in connection with particular farming products produced by selected agricultural company in given years. The analysis includes calculation of cost, revenue and profit indicators, connected with profitability and productivity of producing factors. It includes evaluation of cost-production optimum in short term.
|
|
|
Effect of selected fertilizer a bioactive preparation on winter oilseed rape production
PAUL, Radim
The goal of this thesis was to establish and evaluate a pilot experiment. The effect of 5 variants with the application of biostimulants on yield-producing elements, yield and oiliness of winter rape seeds was evaluated. No biostimulant was applied in the control variant. In variant 1, 0.5 l of ExelGrow was applied in BBCH phase 34. In variant 2, 5 l of Talisman was applied in BBCH phase 39. In variant 3, 2 l and 3 l of Talisman were applied in BBCH stages 39 and 51. In variant 4, 2 l of Talisman was applied in BBCH phase 39, 3 l of Talisman was applied in BBCH phase 51 and 0.5 l of ExelGrow was applied in BBCH phase 51. The experiment was carried out in the 2020/2021 marketing year on a family farm near the village of Dobkov near city of Chotěboř. The content of nutrients in the dry matter of above-ground biomass was only minimally affected by the individual variants. The actual seed yield was positively affected, with variant 4 (4.14 t*ha-1) achieving the highest yield. The oil content of the seeds was not statistically significantly affected by the variants. Variant 2 reached the highest oil content (42.40 %). Of the monitored yield-generating elements, the weight of a thousand seeds was negatively affected by individual variants, the highest was in the control (5 g). On the contrary, the number of pods on the plant was positively affected with a statistically significant difference (150 pcs) in variant 4. The number of seeds in the pod was not affected by the individual variants (18 - 19 pcs).
|
|
|
Hodnocení utuženosti půdy v kolejových řádcích za použití minimalizačních technologií
Daněk, Tomáš
This paper describes and quantifies the differences soil physical properties in rail lines in winter wheat and winter rape. Both crops were grown on adjacent land, which have the same BPEJ. Sampling was conducted once during the growing season and the second time just after the harvest of rape, and just before harvest wheat. In each term sampling, samples were taken at 3 repetitions for each plot. Samples were taken in the track in the space between the rails and the control was between sessions. Both crops are used to process the soil before sowing minimization. The differences are expected to land in one of the same crop, as well as differences between crops. Due to different agrotechnics rape and wheat, where the entrances to rape more mechanization, we expect more consolidation in the tramlines rape.
|
|
|
Rezistence krytonosce šešulového (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus) k insekticidům
Zlá, Kristýna
This thesis was created during the work on the project MZe NAZV QJ1230077. It focuses on the resistance of the species Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham 1802) to insecticides. The thesis contains results of testing Czech populations of the species from various locations, and also basic characteristics of other significant rapeseed pests. Adult individuals of the species were collected in 2016 on Czech rapeseed fields. The collected individuals were tested in laboratory conditions in accordance with the methods of the organization IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee), with the help of the Adult-vial-test. The tested substances were lambda-cyhalotrin, tau-fluvalinate, the preparate Biscaya 240 OD and chlorpyrifos-ethyl. The contact efficiency was evaluated after 24 hours. The substances lambda-cyhalotrin and tau-fluvalinate had a slightly lower effect. Biscaya 240 OD and chlorpyrifos-ethyl showed 100% efficiency.
|
|
|
Druhové spektrum střevlíkovitých (Carabidae) v porostech polních plodin
Hurajová, Erika
In the stands of winter oilseed rape, winter wheat and corn on parcels in Miroslav I investigated species representation of ground beetles (Carabidae). I carried out using collections of ground traps at ten-day intervals. To each crop I ranked 5 ground traps. I founded ground traps 18. 5. 2016 and kept to the land to harvest crops (oilseed rape 3. 7. 2016, wheat 27. 7. 2016 and corn 15. 10. 2016. I caught a total of 371 individuals from the ground beetles of 29 species. I caught in the oilseed rape 72 individuals from 13 species, in wheat 128 individuals from 16 species, in corn 171 individuals from 18 species. I classiffied species in to bioindicatory groups: 44,83 % E, 51,72 % A, 3,44 % R. I used ecology characteristics: presence, absence, dominance, Simpsons index, constance, species diverzity, equitability and faunistic similarity.
|
|
|
Vliv přídavku inhibitorů do hnojiva DAM 390 na výnos a olejnatost semen řepky ozimé
Špaňhelová, Klára
Subject of diploma thesis is assessment of influence addition inhibitors in liquid urea–ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer on the yield and oiliness of rape. The experiment was solved in two-years (2017, 2018) form small-field experiment in research station Žabčice. In experiment was included four variants of fertilization: 1. ANCS (ammonium nitrate with calcium sulfate) + UAN (urea ammonium nitrate), 2. ANCS +UAN + IN (nitrification inhibitor), 3. ANCS + UAN + IU (urease inhibitor), 4. ANCS + UAN + IN + IU. Addition of inhibitors in liquid fertilizer UAN didn't has statically conclusive effect on rape seed yield. The highest yield was achieved in variant ANCS + UAN with yield of 4,1 t/ha. The lowest yield was achieved in variant ANCS + UAN + IN with yield 3,9 t/ha. Weather was above average warm and dry in both reference years. The efficiency of nitrification inhibitors with rising temperature decreases linearly. The found oiliness of rape seeds from individual fertilization variants was relatively balanced. The applied inhibitors didn't significantly affect the oil content in the seeds. The highest oiliness was achieved in variant ANCS + DAM with oiliness of 40,7 %. The lowest oiliness was achieved in variant ANCS + UAN + IN + IU with oiliness of 40,4 %.
|
|
|
Epigeičtí bezobratlí vybraných porostů polních plodin
Hurajová, Erika
The species representation of the epigeic invertebrates was found on the grounds of Miroslav. I compared oilseed rape, wheat and maize. The invertebrate capture was done using the method of soil traps. In each crop, I set up 5 ground traps on 28. 4. 2018. I pick up samples from the soil traps at ten-day intervals. The last collection was made on the day of the harvest of the crop (oilseed rape 20. 6. 2018, wheat 9. 7. 2018, maize 5. 8. 2018). I focused on the family of ground beetles (Carabidae). I totally caught 488 individuals from 25 species. In the oilseed rape I caught 231 individuals of 19 species, 102 individuals of 17 species in wheat and 155 individuals of 16 species in maize. I have divided species in the bioindicator groups: E 48%, A 52%. I used ecology characteristics to compare field crops: presence, absence, dominance, Simpsons index, constance, species diverzity, equitability and faunistic similarity.
|
|
|
Technické a ekonomické aspekty sklizně řepky
Duba, Tomáš
This Thesis the Technical and economic aspects of canola harvest deals with problematics of harvest this crop. The theoretical part includes analysis of crop, agronomic requirements and use. Also in terms of machines that harvest it, requirements, news in branch of combine harvestors and adjustments fot harvesting canola. Field measurement contains comparing the selected combine harvester parameters at different stubble mowing heights. The values were measured on the combine harvester Case IH AFX 8120 with harvesting adapter MacDon FD 75. The values obtained were processed and served to make the final conclusions.
|
|
|
Development of dual technology for the treatment of winter rape and spring barley seeds
OLŠAN, Pavel
The dissertation thesis deals with the use of low-temperature plasma and biological treatment of winter rape seed and spring barley as an alternative to chemical dressing in relation to the Decree on Integrated Pest Management 205/2012 Coll. The seed treatment technology is conceived as a two-phase process, where a lowtemperature plasma discharge of the Gliding Arc type ignited in the air at atmospheric pressure is used in the first step and a biological preparation containing spores of Trichoderma virens is applied to the treated seed as the second step. The plasma discharge treatment allows to increase the wettability of the seed surface, which improves the adhesion of the biological preparation in the second treatment step. Plasma also enables to activate selected processes taking place in seeds, which support their germination and subsequent growth. The content of the dissertation is divided into four sub-units which are mutually related: 1. determination of plasma discharge parameters for subsequent applications in the proposed technology, 2. carrying out laboratory experiments to assess the effect of plasma on seed, 3. carrying out field experiments to compare crop yields for different seed treatment options, 4. proposal for a regulation for seed treatment in a continuous mode by plasma discharge followed by application of the preparation and production of a functional sample. The work is markedly interdisciplinary and intervenes in the field of plasma physics, chemistry, plant production and construction of technical equipment. From the results achieved we can give a short summary: 1. Plasma discharge treatment of winter rape and barley seeds results in increased surface wettability. 2. No difference in the absorption of plasma treated and untreated seeds was observed during the experiments. 3. Developed dual seed treatment technology has the potential to increase yield. The dissertation thesis was realized within the project TA04021252 ? "Development of equipment for physical treatment of seeds and malt using low-temperature plasma."
|
|
|
Resynthesis of oilseed rape from Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea
Klíma, Miroslav ; Hilgert-Delgado, Alois ; Ulvrová, Tereza ; Bryxová, Pavla ; Vítámvás, Pavel ; Prášil, Ilja Tom ; Kosová, Klára
In order to extend the variability of the genofond, so-called resynthesis can be used, when new genotypes are created by crossing selected Brassica rapa and B. oleracea, by early isolation of immature embryos from young eggs and their in vitro fertilization (Hilgert-Delgado et al., 2015). It has been shown that resyntetized genotypes are distinct from rape materials grown at present (Sosnowska et al., 2010), so that they can serve as a source of new variability in breeding programs focusing on cytoplasmic and pollen sterility, resistance to pathogens and tolerance to stresses (Warwick et al., 2009). Representatives of the initial components are characterized by wide variability in terms of morphology and agronomic characteristics, and are a prospective source of heterosis and other traits (Wu et al. The use of resyntetized genotypes for the direct production of rapeseed varieties is not possible due to the poor quality of the seed of these materials. It is mainly the high content of glucosinolates and erucic acid, typical of most of the initial components (Jesske et al., 2013). However, the required properties can be transferred by crossing to conventional breeding materials (Hilgert-Delgado et al., 2017).
Fulltext:  PDF
|
guest ::
